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- @190 CHAP ZZ
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │SPECIAL CAPITAL GAINS RELIEF FOR INVESTMENT IN │
- │ SMALL BUSINESS STOCK │
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- While individual tax rates are now as high as 39.6% (actually
- 3 to 4% higher in some cases, due to phase-outs of certain
- exemptions and itemized deductions), the capital gains rate
- remains at 28%, for long-term capital gains. This makes the
- gain on sale of a business, to the extent it is a capital
- gain, considerably more attractive than "ordinary income"
- that gets taxed at the higher individual rates.
-
- Even more attractive, under the Revenue Reconciliation Act
- of 1993, is the gain on certain "qualified small business
- stock" held for over five years. Unfortunately, such stock
- is "qualified" only if it was issued after August 10, 1993,
- so you won't be able to cash in on this tax incentive until
- sometime in 1998, at the earliest.
-
- Under this new tax incentive, 50% of the gain from the sale
- of an investment in certain small business stock can be
- excluded from taxable income, if the stock meets certain
- requirements when it is issued and if it is held for at least
- five years. Thus, in effect, the capital gain on such small
- business stock would be taxed at only a 14% rate,
- theoretically, if the capital gains tax rate is still at 28%
- in 1998 and later. (We say THEORETICALLY 14%, because 75%
- of the total gain that is recognized is a "tax preference"
- item under the alternative minimum tax, which may cause
- that tax to apply, if it is greater than your "regular"
- income tax. Since the alternative minimum tax is computed
- at rates of 26% and 28%, you are likely to pay significantly
- more than a 14% rate if you have a large gain on "qualified
- small business stock.")
-
- A "qualified small business," for purposes of this tax
- benefit, must meet all of the following requirements:
-
- . It must be a "C" corporation (other than a DISC, a
- regulated investment company, real estate investment
- trust, or certain other kinds of special corporate
- entities).
-
- . It cannot be an "S" corporation.
-
- . At least 80% of the corporation's assets must be used
- in the active conduct of one or more trades or businesses
- OTHER THAN investing, farming, oil and gas, mining,
- banking, insurance, financing, operation of a hotel,
- motel or restaurant, or provision of services where the
- principal asset of the business is the reputation or
- skill of one or more employees (such as in a law or
- CPA firm). Certain start-up, R & D and in-house
- research activities can qualify as "active conduct" of
- a business, as will assets used for working capital or
- temporary investments that are reasonably expected to
- be used in within two years to finance research and
- development activities.
-
- . As of the date the stock is issued, the corporation's
- gross assets (using adjusted tax basis, generally, for
- non-cash assets) must not exceed $50 million.
-
- . The stock must have been acquired directly from the
- corporation or through an underwriter, after August 10,
- 1993, in exchange for cash, services, or property other
- than stock.
-
- The amount of the gain that is eligible for the 50% exclusion
- is limited to an amount equal to $10 million or ten times the
- investor's basis (cost, usually) in the stock, whichever is
- greater.
-
- Note that such gain cannot be reduced by any capital losses
- from other investments, unlike regular capital gains.
-
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ TAX BREAK FOR "SPECIALIZED SMALL BUSINESS │
- │ INVESTMENT COMPANIES ("SSBIC's") │
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- The 1993 Clinton tax package also provides for TAX-FREE
- rollovers of gains on the sale of publicly traded securities,
- if the sales proceeds are used to buy common stock in a
- "specialized small business investment company," or SSBIC.
- Such a "rollover" must be made within 60 days after sale of
- the securities.
-
- This tax break applies both to individuals and C
- corporations that roll over such gains, but not to S
- corporations, estates, trusts or partnerships.
-
- The maximum amount that can be rolled over in one tax year
- is limited to the LESSER of $50,000, or $500,000 minus the
- amount of such gains previously excluded, for individuals.
- For corporations, the limit is the lesser of $250,000 or
- $1 million reduced by such gains previously excluded.
-
- An SSBIC is a partnership or corporation licensed as such
- by the U.S. Small Business Administration. They were
- formerly designated as Minority Enterprise Small Business
- Investment Companies ("MESBICs"). If you are interested
- in "rolling over" gains on publicly traded stocks or bonds
- into stock of an SSBIC, you can obtain from the Small
- Business Administration its Directory of Operating Small
- Business Investment Companies, which identifies over 100
- SSBICs in some different states, the District of Columbia
- and Puerto Rico.
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │To obtain the directory listing SSBICs, send │
- │ your name and address to: │
- │ │
- │ Associate Administrator for Investment │
- │ Small Business Administration │
- │ Washington, DC 20416 │
- │ │
- │Telephone: (202) 205-6510 FAX: (202) 205-6959│
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- Note that if you roll over gains into an SSBIC that is a C
- corporation, you not only avoid current tax, but may also
- qualify (when you later sell your stock in the SSBIC) for
- the 50% exclusion for "qualified small business stock" that
- is discussed above, if the SSBIC meets all the requirements.
-
- @CODE: CA
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │SPECIAL CAPITAL GAINS RELIEF FOR INVESTMENT IN │
- │ SMALL BUSINESS STOCK -- CALIFORNIA PROVISIONS │
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- California has enacted "small business stock" incentives
- similar to the federal incentives discussed above. It also
- applies to "qualified small business stock" (as defined for
- California tax purposes) issued after August 10, 1993, but
- such stock must also be issued before January 1, 1999. Like
- the federal provision, the new California law requires such
- stock to be held for more than five years, and 50% of the
- gain on such stock may be excluded from taxable income, with
- certain limits -- a taxpayer can only exclude (cumulatively)
- up to $10 million of gain ($5 million if married, filing
- separate) from a single issuing corporation or, if greater,
- an amount equal to 10 times the taxpayer's original tax
- basis in the stock.
-
- To qualify as "qualified small business stock," the stock
- must be issued for money, property other than stock, or
- as compensation for services (other than underwriting).
- The stock must be issued by a C corporation (not an S
- corporation) that is not a:
-
- . DISC or former DISC;
-
- . Regulated investment company (RIC);
-
- . Real estate investment trust (REIT); or
-
- . Real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC).
-
- The issuing company must also meet several tests for its
- stock to qualify for the California tax incentive:
-
- . It must meet an "active business" test (except for
- SSBICs, which are described above under the section
- of federal incentives);
-
- . It must be in a "qualified trade or business," which
- does not include health, law, engineering, consulting
- financial services, insurance, financing, leasing
- investing (or other kinds of personal services,
- generally), farming, oil and gas extraction, or
- hotel/motel or restaurant businesses;
-
- . The corporation's gross assets must not exceed $50
- million at any time after June 30, 1993 and before
- or immediately after the issue date; and
-
- . The business must have at least 80% of the dollar
- value of its total payroll attributable to employment
- in California.
-
- Only a non-corporate investor can claim the exclusion.
- However, the stock can be owned by individuals, or by a
- pass-through entity such as a partnership or S corporation,
- that passes the eligible gain through to the individual
- owner (who must also have been an owner in the partnership
- or the S corporation when that entity bought the qualifying
- small business stock).
-
-